Relationship between Glutathione S-transferase Genetic Polymorphism and Glutathione S-transferase Activity in Arsenism Caused by Coal-buring
［Key words］arsenic poisoning; glutathione S-transferase genetic polymorphisms; glutathione S-transferase
To explore the relationship between glutathione S-transferase (GST)genetic polymorphisms and GST activity in coal-buring caused arsenism and provide a scientific basis for a more in-depth explanation to arsenism mechanism. Methods: One hundred ant thirty arsenism patients and 140 healthy people were chosen as subjects of the study. Multiple polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect deletion of GSTM1, and GSTT1. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to detect polymorphisms of GSTP1, Ile105Val, GSTO1 Ala140Asp, and GSTO2 Asn142Asp. Chemistry chromatometry method was used to detect GST activity. The relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and GST activity was analyzed. Results: The frequencies of GSTT1(-/-) , GSTT1(+/+)or(+/-) and genotypes Asn/Asn, Asn/Asp and Asp/Asp of gene GSTO2 Asn142Asp were significantly different between arsenism group and control group（P<0.05）. GST activity of arsenism patients increased when compared with that of controls. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. GST activity of different genotypes of GSTO1 Ala140Asp was different between arsenism group and control group. Conclusion: Gene polymorphism of GSTO1 Ala140Asp may relate to GST activity of arsenism patients caused by coral-burning. Further research on function and transcription regulation of the gene is needed.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
Thursday, March 11, 2010
A Study about Long-term Toxicity of Puyi Granules to Rats
A Study about Long-term Toxicity of Puyi Granules to Rats
［Key words］ Piyi granules; drug toxicity; toxicity tests, chronic; leukocyte count; thrombase; hemoglobins; organ coefficients
To observe the long-term toxicity of Puyi Granules. Methods: One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (30 in each group, male:female=1∶1) of which 3 groups orally received high, moderate, and low dosages (4.8, 2.4, and 1.2 g/kg of raw drug equal to 50, 25, and 12.5 times of those of human dosages) of Puyi granules respectively, and one group received saline as control. The experiment was carried out for consecutive 26 weeks, and general conditions, body weight and food intake of the animals were observed. The hematological and biochemistry parameters, organ coefficients and histomorphological figures were determined in 13 and 16 weeks of the experiment and in 2 weeks after the termination. Results: The general conditions of treated rats were normal during and after the experiment. The body weight, organ coefficients, main hemotology and biochemistry indexes of rats in treated groups were basically the same as those of the controls. The urine analysis results and organ histopathological observation showed no significant difference between experimental rats and controls. Conclusion： Puyi Granules has no immediate or delayed toxicity in long-term administration on rats with dosages within clinical range, and is safe for use.
［Key words］ Piyi granules; drug toxicity; toxicity tests, chronic; leukocyte count; thrombase; hemoglobins; organ coefficients
To observe the long-term toxicity of Puyi Granules. Methods: One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (30 in each group, male:female=1∶1) of which 3 groups orally received high, moderate, and low dosages (4.8, 2.4, and 1.2 g/kg of raw drug equal to 50, 25, and 12.5 times of those of human dosages) of Puyi granules respectively, and one group received saline as control. The experiment was carried out for consecutive 26 weeks, and general conditions, body weight and food intake of the animals were observed. The hematological and biochemistry parameters, organ coefficients and histomorphological figures were determined in 13 and 16 weeks of the experiment and in 2 weeks after the termination. Results: The general conditions of treated rats were normal during and after the experiment. The body weight, organ coefficients, main hemotology and biochemistry indexes of rats in treated groups were basically the same as those of the controls. The urine analysis results and organ histopathological observation showed no significant difference between experimental rats and controls. Conclusion： Puyi Granules has no immediate or delayed toxicity in long-term administration on rats with dosages within clinical range, and is safe for use.
An Experimental Study on Mutation Induction Technique of Pythium guiyangense Su, A Fungal Pathogen of Mosquitoes
An Experimental Study on Mutation Induction Technique of Pythium guiyangense Su, A Fungal Pathogen of Mosquitoes
［Key words］ Pythium guiyangense Su; protoplasts; ultraviolet rays; lithium chloride; mutation breeding
To establish a mutation induction system for mutation breeding of Pythium guiyangense Su, a fungal pathogen of mosquitoes. Methods: Protoplasts of original strain were treated with UV or LiCl for mutation induction. Casein plate transparent loop method and mycelial weight determine were used to screen mutant colonies. Pertinent induction condition combination were summarized based on the analysis of the relationship between the positive mutation rates and treatment dosages and periods of UV or LiCl. One of the mutational colonies was continuously cultivated for 8 generations on KPYG2 plates for the observation of genetic stability. Results: A lethal rate of 86.9% and a positive mutation rate of 26.9% were achieved when the protoplasts were treated by 0.6% of LiCl for 90mins, and a lethal rate of 81.3% and a positive mutation rate of 78.5% were obtained when the protoplasts were irradiated by a UV lamp of 20W in a distance of 30cm for 180s. Seven mutants were obtained, and one of them, U22, was proved genetically stable. Conclusions: The mutation induction system of P. guiyangense by UV and LiCl is successful, and can provide basis for the mutation breeding of P. guiyangense in the future.
［Key words］ Pythium guiyangense Su; protoplasts; ultraviolet rays; lithium chloride; mutation breeding
To establish a mutation induction system for mutation breeding of Pythium guiyangense Su, a fungal pathogen of mosquitoes. Methods: Protoplasts of original strain were treated with UV or LiCl for mutation induction. Casein plate transparent loop method and mycelial weight determine were used to screen mutant colonies. Pertinent induction condition combination were summarized based on the analysis of the relationship between the positive mutation rates and treatment dosages and periods of UV or LiCl. One of the mutational colonies was continuously cultivated for 8 generations on KPYG2 plates for the observation of genetic stability. Results: A lethal rate of 86.9% and a positive mutation rate of 26.9% were achieved when the protoplasts were treated by 0.6% of LiCl for 90mins, and a lethal rate of 81.3% and a positive mutation rate of 78.5% were obtained when the protoplasts were irradiated by a UV lamp of 20W in a distance of 30cm for 180s. Seven mutants were obtained, and one of them, U22, was proved genetically stable. Conclusions: The mutation induction system of P. guiyangense by UV and LiCl is successful, and can provide basis for the mutation breeding of P. guiyangense in the future.
The Effect of Ganodermo Lucidum Triterpenoids on Catalase, Acetylcholinesterase, Superoxide Sismutase and Malondialdehyde Contents in Alzheimer Disease Rats
The Effect of Ganodermo Lucidum Triterpenoids on Catalase, Acetylcholinesterase, Superoxide Sismutase and Malondialdehyde Contents in Alzheimer Disease Rats
［Key words］ Alzheimer disease；Ganoderma; brain; catalase; acetylcholinesterase; superoxide dismutase; malondialdehyde; rat, sprague-dawley
To investigate the preventive effects of ganodermo lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) to Alzheimer disease（AD）in model rats. so as to provide theory basis for new drug exploitation and clinical application. Methods: Eighty SD rats chosen by Morris water maze test were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal control group ( group NC, received 10 ml/kg of distilled water), sham operation group (group SO, received 10 ml/kg of distilled water), model group (group M, received 10ml/kg of distilled water), GLT treated groups (group G1, received 0.25 g/kg of GLT; group G2, 0.50 g/kg, and group 3, 1.0 g/kg), masculine drug group (group MD, received 0.54 g/kg of Jiannao capsules)，and solute mediated group (group SM, received 10 ml/kg of edible oil). All of the SD rats except those in group NC and group SO were microinjected with beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) into lateral ventricle to produce AD model, and instead, rats in group NC were injected with saline. GLT treatment began on the next day, once a day intragastrically for 20 days. Then, the animals were executed, and the brain tissues were taken out and blended for the tests of activities of catalase (CAT) , acetyl cholinesterase (ACHE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) with chemistry detecting kits. Results: The activities of CAT, SOD were lower, while ACHE activity and MDA content were higher in rats of group M than those in group NC; The activities of CAT, SOD were higher, while ACHE activity and MDA content were lower in GLT groups than those in group M. Conclusion: The GLT has ability of strengthening the cleaning of free radicals in Aβ25-35 toxicated rats, and ability of anti-liqid-peroxidation, and can promote the restore of choline nervous system function.
［Key words］ Alzheimer disease；Ganoderma; brain; catalase; acetylcholinesterase; superoxide dismutase; malondialdehyde; rat, sprague-dawley
To investigate the preventive effects of ganodermo lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) to Alzheimer disease（AD）in model rats. so as to provide theory basis for new drug exploitation and clinical application. Methods: Eighty SD rats chosen by Morris water maze test were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal control group ( group NC, received 10 ml/kg of distilled water), sham operation group (group SO, received 10 ml/kg of distilled water), model group (group M, received 10ml/kg of distilled water), GLT treated groups (group G1, received 0.25 g/kg of GLT; group G2, 0.50 g/kg, and group 3, 1.0 g/kg), masculine drug group (group MD, received 0.54 g/kg of Jiannao capsules)，and solute mediated group (group SM, received 10 ml/kg of edible oil). All of the SD rats except those in group NC and group SO were microinjected with beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) into lateral ventricle to produce AD model, and instead, rats in group NC were injected with saline. GLT treatment began on the next day, once a day intragastrically for 20 days. Then, the animals were executed, and the brain tissues were taken out and blended for the tests of activities of catalase (CAT) , acetyl cholinesterase (ACHE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) with chemistry detecting kits. Results: The activities of CAT, SOD were lower, while ACHE activity and MDA content were higher in rats of group M than those in group NC; The activities of CAT, SOD were higher, while ACHE activity and MDA content were lower in GLT groups than those in group M. Conclusion: The GLT has ability of strengthening the cleaning of free radicals in Aβ25-35 toxicated rats, and ability of anti-liqid-peroxidation, and can promote the restore of choline nervous system function.
An Ultramicroscopy Observation of Protective Effects of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum on Brain of Alzheimer Disease Model Rats
An Ultramicroscopy Observation of Protective Effects of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum on Brain of Alzheimer Disease Model Rats
［Key words］ Gardenia; Alzheimer disease; hippocampus; malondialdehyde; microscopy,electron，scaning transmission; rats,sprague-dawley
To observe the protective effects of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum (GLT) on the modality of hippocampus tissue of Alzheimer disease (AD) model rats．Methods: AD rats induced by injection of Aβ25-35 into one side of hippocampus were treated with GLT orally for 20 days and then ultrastructural changes of neurons were observed under transmission electron microscope．Results： The modality of hippocampus CA1 region neurons of GLT treated AD rats was distinctly improved when compared with that of the model rats that did not receive GLT treatment．Conclusion: GLT can improve recessively changed neurons in hippocampus CA1 region．
A Comparison of Two Methods for Collecting Hemolymph of Musca domestica (Housefly) Larvae
A Comparison of Two Methods for Collecting Hemolymph of Musca domestica (Housefly) Larvae
［Key words］ houseflies; larvae ; hemolymph
To compare two methods for collecting hemolymph of housefly larvae. Methods: Two methods, beheading and transient bodywall breaking down (TBB), were compared by comparing the total hemolymph volume, protein concentration and protein bands on SDS-PAGE jell of collections respectively by the two methods. Housefly larvae in two states: heat induced and non-induced were used in each method experiment. Results: The hemolymph protein concentration of heat-induced larvae collected by beheading was higher than that of non-induced larvae; The hemolymph protein concentration collected by TBB method was higher than that collected by beheading method; The bands on SDS-PAGE jell of hemolymph collected by TBB method were more than those collected by beheading method. Conclusion: TBB method is more simple and convenient for collecting the housefly larvae hemolymph, and the hemolymph protein ingredients are richer than those collected by beheading method.
Monday, March 8, 2010
The relationship between tumor-associated macrophages and lymphat ic metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
The relationship between tumor-associated macrophages and lymphat ic metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Angiogenesis is an important component of tumor growth and probably takes place in the cascade of biological events involved in tumor metastasis and less favorable prognosis[1]. Angiogenesis is believed to be induced by increased angiogenic factors/conditions such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), decreased production of angiogenic inhibitors caused by cancer cells, vascular endothelial cells and other stromal cells. One of the most interesting and functionally diverse stroma cells is reactive macrophages, the so-called tumor associated macrophages (TAMs)[2], that can infiltrate tumors,. The function of TAMs in oral squamous-cell carcinomas (OSCC) is still enigmatic. The aim of this study is to explore a possible relationship among angiogenesis, VEGF expression, and TAMs in oral squamous-cell carcinomas (OSCC), so as to provide more information about TAMs' function for further study of OSCC.
1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
1.1 Clinicopathological parametersA total of 42 tissue specimens were obtained, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, cut continuously to slices (thickness 4μm), and subjected to pathological diagnosis. Of the specimens, 34 were human oral squamous-cell carcinomas (OSCC), including 27 males and 7 females, with an average age of 52 years (37-69 years), and 23 were highly, 10 miderately and 1 lowly differentiated. The other 8 cases were normal oral mucosa specimens used as control. Among the tested OSCC patients,23 cases had negative and 11 cases had positive lymph nodes metastasis.
1.2 Immunohistological staining Immunohistological analysis was carried out on paraffin-embedded sections of 42 specimens to determine microvessel counts, VEGF expression and macrophages using a standard avidin-biotin (SP)labelling technique. Small blood vessels were visualized by staining endothelial cells for CD31 detection(Dako, Copenhagen, Denmark, clone JC/70A). Three areas of the highest neovascularization (hot spot) were chosen in each tumor by scanning the section with low amplification.Individual microvessels in 400× fields were counted. Any CD31 positive endothelial cell or endothelial cell cluster separated from an adjacent cluster was considered a single countable microvessel[3]. The average microvessel counts were recorded for subsequent statistical analysis.Anti-VEGF polyclonal antibody (BioGenex Laboratories, Inc., San Ramon, Calif.; code PU360-UP) was used to determine VEGF expression. Five cancerous fields of each tumor were detected by automated image analysis quantitatively. After the positive subjects were marked, the positive area ratio and average luminosity were obtained.Positive index (PI) was calculated by multiplying the two numbers together, which reflected VEGF expression in OSCC. To detect macrophages, sections were stained using monoclonal CD68 antibodies (Dako, code KP1). Macrophage numbers in three hot areas of each section were counted in 400×fields of microscope. The average counts were recorded for subsequent statistical analysis [4]. Double immunohistological staining (Zymed, LAB-SA system) method was used to detect VEGF expression in macrophages in OSCC cases. The first antibody was anti-VEGF antibody, which was stained as indigo, and the second was CD68 antibody stained as scarlet.The numbers of total macrophages and VEGF-containing macrophages were counted in three hot areas of 400×field of each section. The ratio was calculated.
1.3 Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Package Release 10.0 for PC using t tests and Pearson correlation coefficients tests.
2 RESULTS
2.1 Immunohistochemical analysis The clinicopathological parameters and the immunohistochemical analysis results of the 34 patients are summarized in Table 1.Tab.1 Clinicopathological characteristics,microvessel counts,VEGF expression,
and macrophages counts of specimens studied（略）
2.2 Microvessel and macrophage counts The microvessel hot spots occurred anywhere in the tumor but most frequently at the invasive edges of the tumor (Fig.1). Immunoreactivity of CD68 showed in cytoplasm. All tumors had diffuse infiltration of TAMs in stroma (Fig.2). TAMs were very often on the invasive margins of the tumor or around the foci of necrosis.
3 DISCUSSION
Our previous study revealed a significant positive correlation between the microvessel counts and neck lymphatic metastases in OSCC. Tumor cells can penetrate adjacent lymphatics that form concomitantly with blood capillaries or, malignant cells can pass from the blood stream into the lymphatic via lymphaticovenous junctions[5]. In our sample, microvessel counts correlated with the tumor pathological grades and with a significant increase in the number of microvessels in high differentiated cases. It is obvious that the growth of solid tumors depends on angiogenesis (especially in the early phases of tumor development when stabile vascular network is forming), because newly formed blood vessels supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen and dispose its metabolic waste products.In this study, we demonstrated a clear positive correlation between VEGF expression and microvessel counts in OSCC, which is consistent with some studies published previously[6]. VEGF is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in endothelial cell proliferation and migration, vasculogenesis, vascular permeability and stromal degradation by activation of some proteolytic enzymes involved in tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis [7]. The results of this investigation indicated that VEGF is, probably, a product of the most important angiogenic pathway in OSCC. Furthermore, in this investigation, no association between VEGF and histological types was found. However, may be, the evidence is not enough for such a conclusion. It has been reported that VEGF has other pro-tumorous effects, such as induction of plasminogen activator and interstitial collagenase expression, which may alter the tumorous extracellular matrix and facilitate tumor progression and spread to lymph nodes[7].One of these pro-tumorous functions of VEGF is the chemotactic effect of VEGF on monocytes/macrophages[8]. We found a significantly positive relationship between increased VEGF expression and TAMs infiltration. Prior to our report, Leek and his collaborator [9] investigated this. Our finding is in agreement with their results, and in addition, we demonstrated that TAMs secret VEGF with double staining method. Some authors,have discovered a positive relationship between TAMs and tumor grades [10] suggesting a reciprocal interaction between TAMs and tumor cells. The tumor produces VEGF (and other chemokines) that can enhance the attraction to macrophages to the tumor locus, and TAMs in turn may provide optimal conditions for tumor proliferation and growth. Furthermore,results of this investigation showed that the high VEGF expression was significantly associated with the neck lymphatic metastases indicating that VEGF expression is associated with tumor progress, spread, and poor prognosis, probably by stimulating angiogenesis, macrophage infiltration, and remodeling of tumor tissue. These findings are consistent with some studies published previously [6,10] in other tumors. We found that microvessel counts correlated with TAMs counts, being significantly higher in OSCC with diffuse macrophage infiltration than in normal oral mucosa. This indicates an important role of TAMs (and probably other stromal cells) in angiogenesis. After all, VEGF immunoreactivity in OSCC was revealed not only in carcinoma cells but also in tumor-associated macrophages.Double staining confirmed that many of the TAMs secreted VEGF suggesting that TAMs might also be a source of angiogenic impulses. Macrophage is the major terminally differentiated cell type of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and is also one of the key angiogenic effector cells, producing a number of growth stimulators and inhibitors. A number of angiogenic cytokines are known to be produced by macrophages: transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-a)[11], tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a)[11,12], platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PDECGF/TP)[13], interleukin-8 (IL-8)[14], and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)[9]. Macrophages are able to modulate events in the extracellular matrix either via the direct secretion of degrading enzymes or via extracellular matrix-modulating cytokines[15].Hence, macrophages are expected to influence every stage of angiogenesis.In conclusion, the results of this investigation confirm a strong connection among VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration in OSCC, which represents an important synergistic inter-relation between tumor cells and stroma in the micro-ecosystem of human OSCC. TAMs, which can comprise up to one-half of the mass of breast carcinoma, are biologically extremely important stromal cells, but the number of infiltrated macrophage in OSCC need further investigations. However, these parameters can provide additional information and guidance to evaluate the risk of the neck lymphatic metastases for OSCC patients. Since a broad panel of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic peptides may be produced by OSCC, further investigations should be carried out in order to define the value of TAMs in anti-angiogenic therapies.
Establishment and Optimization of SRAP-PCR Amplification System for Housefly
Establishment and Optimization of SRAP-PCR Amplification System for Housefly
［Key words］ Muscidae; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; genetic markers
To establish and optimize SRAP-PCR reaction system of housefly. Methods: Effects of concentrations of template DNA, Mg2+, dNTPs, primers and amount of Taq DNA polymerase on SRAP molecular marker amplification system of Musca domestica L were studied in monofactorial experiment, and the amplification system was optimized. Results: Total volume of the optimal system was 30μl containing 50 ng of template DNA, 1.5mmol/ L of Mg2+, 0. 20 mmol/ L of dNTPs, 0. 15μmol/ L of primers and 0. 50 U of Taq DNA polymerase. Conclusion: This system provides a useful tool for analysis of genetic diversity and gene location of Musca domestica L.
To establish and optimize SRAP-PCR reaction system of housefly. Methods: Effects of concentrations of template DNA, Mg2+, dNTPs, primers and amount of Taq DNA polymerase on SRAP molecular marker amplification system of Musca domestica L were studied in monofactorial experiment, and the amplification system was optimized. Results: Total volume of the optimal system was 30μl containing 50 ng of template DNA, 1.5mmol/ L of Mg2+, 0. 20 mmol/ L of dNTPs, 0. 15μmol/ L of primers and 0. 50 U of Taq DNA polymerase. Conclusion: This system provides a useful tool for analysis of genetic diversity and gene location of Musca domestica L.
A Supplementary Report On Blackflies Of Jilin Provence, China
A Supplementary Report On Blackflies Of Jilin Provence, China
［Key words］ Simuliidae; directories; Jilin
To perfect information of the fauna and geographical distribution of blackflies in Jilin province. Methods: Immature stages of blackflies were collected from four different representative areas of Jilin province with conventional methods, and were reared to produce adults. After the identification of slide and needle-fixed specimens, a list of blackfy species in Jilin provence and a discussion were given. Result: 14 species including 3 new ones and 5 new records species of blackflies from Jilin province were reported. Conclusion: There is rich diversity of blackflies in Jilin province and the fauna shows characteristics of paraearctic realm.
［Key words］ Simuliidae; directories; Jilin
To perfect information of the fauna and geographical distribution of blackflies in Jilin province. Methods: Immature stages of blackflies were collected from four different representative areas of Jilin province with conventional methods, and were reared to produce adults. After the identification of slide and needle-fixed specimens, a list of blackfy species in Jilin provence and a discussion were given. Result: 14 species including 3 new ones and 5 new records species of blackflies from Jilin province were reported. Conclusion: There is rich diversity of blackflies in Jilin province and the fauna shows characteristics of paraearctic realm.
The Content Changes of Plasmic NPY, NE, DA, and 5-HT and Their Significancein Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Accompanied by Anxiety
The Content Changes of Plasmic NPY, NE, DA, and 5-HT and Their Significancein Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Accompanied by Anxiety
［Key words］ coronary disease; anxiety disorders; neuropeptide Y; norepinephrine; dopamine; 5-hydroxytryptamine
To explore the content changes of plasmic neuropeptide Y (NPY), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and their clinical significance in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) accompanied by anxiety. Methods: Seventy-one patients with CHD，diagnosed with selective coronary arteriongraphy method, were divided into anxiety group and control group by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）. The times and days of hospitalization of these patients were recorded. Levels of plasmic NPY, NE, DA and 5-HT were detected by using radioimmunoassay and immumofluorescence methods in all of the patients. Results: (1) The numbers of time and day in hospital of patients in group A were bigger than those of patients in group B (P<0.05); (2) The levels of plasmic NPY, DA, NE, and 5-HT of patients in group A were significantly higher than those of patients in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions: (1) The increase of hospitalization times and days of CHD patients accompanied by anxiety should cause the attention of clinical doctors specially doctors of cardiovascular diseases; (2) The unusual increase of plasmic NPY, DA, NE, and 5-HT indicates that they might be involved in the pathophysiologic process of anxiety accompanied CHD.
［Key words］ coronary disease; anxiety disorders; neuropeptide Y; norepinephrine; dopamine; 5-hydroxytryptamine
To explore the content changes of plasmic neuropeptide Y (NPY), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and their clinical significance in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) accompanied by anxiety. Methods: Seventy-one patients with CHD，diagnosed with selective coronary arteriongraphy method, were divided into anxiety group and control group by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）. The times and days of hospitalization of these patients were recorded. Levels of plasmic NPY, NE, DA and 5-HT were detected by using radioimmunoassay and immumofluorescence methods in all of the patients. Results: (1) The numbers of time and day in hospital of patients in group A were bigger than those of patients in group B (P<0.05); (2) The levels of plasmic NPY, DA, NE, and 5-HT of patients in group A were significantly higher than those of patients in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions: (1) The increase of hospitalization times and days of CHD patients accompanied by anxiety should cause the attention of clinical doctors specially doctors of cardiovascular diseases; (2) The unusual increase of plasmic NPY, DA, NE, and 5-HT indicates that they might be involved in the pathophysiologic process of anxiety accompanied CHD.
Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats
Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats
［Key words］ hypertension,pulmonary； mesenchymal stem cells; blood gas analysis； hemodynamics
To explore the change of hemodynamic parameter in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs) transplantation to treat the experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. Method: MMSCs cells were collected from bone marrow of SD rat's femoral and tibial bones,cultured and passaged in vitro,then purified by density gradient centrifugation and adhesive-screening method.60 healthy male Sprague-Dawleye rats（mean weighing 180±5 g） were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (group C), MMSCs transplanted group(group M), PAH model group (group H ).The rats of the two latter group were given a single subcutaneous crotaline(50 mg/kg) to make the model of PAH. The rats of normal control group were injected respectively a single subcutaneous 0.9%NaCL(6 ml/kg).The three groups were fed in the same condition.After 3 weeks, 5×106 MMSCs cultured in l ml phosphate-buffered saline were infused into the rats respectively in group M by sublingual vein and 1 ml L-DMEM was did in group H .The index of right ventricle systolic pressure（RVSP）,right ventricle hypertrophy index, arterial blood gas analysis and the changes of small pulmonary blood vessel were observed after 28 day.Results: The administration of MMSCs 28 days after PAH the percent of viability is 100 in transplanted group, and it nearly completely prevented the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure（RVSP）with PAH alone (32.20±2.32 versus 48.30±1.56 mm Hg, respectively P<0.05)，right ventricle hypertrophy index degraded too(38.80±3.24% versus 45.10±3.43 %, respectively P<0.05 ), and relative media thickness(MT) decreased obviously but the VA% raised, results of Blood gas analysis such as pH、PaO2、HCO3- degraded significantly. MMSCs labeled Hoechst 33342 were observed that they can permanent planted and differentiated into plentiful collateral circulations in lung by fluorescence microscope . The pulmonary arteries remodeling was attenuated effecfively in MSCs transplanted group. Conclusions: These results indicated that bone marrow–derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) could reduce and even reversion the progression of Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by crotaline.The heart function and hemodynamic parameter had obvious improved.
［Key words］ hypertension,pulmonary； mesenchymal stem cells; blood gas analysis； hemodynamics
To explore the change of hemodynamic parameter in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs) transplantation to treat the experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. Method: MMSCs cells were collected from bone marrow of SD rat's femoral and tibial bones,cultured and passaged in vitro,then purified by density gradient centrifugation and adhesive-screening method.60 healthy male Sprague-Dawleye rats（mean weighing 180±5 g） were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (group C), MMSCs transplanted group(group M), PAH model group (group H ).The rats of the two latter group were given a single subcutaneous crotaline(50 mg/kg) to make the model of PAH. The rats of normal control group were injected respectively a single subcutaneous 0.9%NaCL(6 ml/kg).The three groups were fed in the same condition.After 3 weeks, 5×106 MMSCs cultured in l ml phosphate-buffered saline were infused into the rats respectively in group M by sublingual vein and 1 ml L-DMEM was did in group H .The index of right ventricle systolic pressure（RVSP）,right ventricle hypertrophy index, arterial blood gas analysis and the changes of small pulmonary blood vessel were observed after 28 day.Results: The administration of MMSCs 28 days after PAH the percent of viability is 100 in transplanted group, and it nearly completely prevented the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure（RVSP）with PAH alone (32.20±2.32 versus 48.30±1.56 mm Hg, respectively P<0.05)，right ventricle hypertrophy index degraded too(38.80±3.24% versus 45.10±3.43 %, respectively P<0.05 ), and relative media thickness(MT) decreased obviously but the VA% raised, results of Blood gas analysis such as pH、PaO2、HCO3- degraded significantly. MMSCs labeled Hoechst 33342 were observed that they can permanent planted and differentiated into plentiful collateral circulations in lung by fluorescence microscope . The pulmonary arteries remodeling was attenuated effecfively in MSCs transplanted group. Conclusions: These results indicated that bone marrow–derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) could reduce and even reversion the progression of Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by crotaline.The heart function and hemodynamic parameter had obvious improved.
Amplification and Sequencing of Densonucleosis Virus DNA in C6/36 Cell Line of Aedes albopictus Infected by Strain NGC of Dengue Virus Type 2
Amplification and Sequencing of Densonucleosis Virus DNA in C6/36 Cell Line of Aedes albopictus Infected by Strain NGC of Dengue Virus Type 2
［Key words］ dengue virus; Aedes; densonucleosis virus in C6/36 cell of Aedes albopictus; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; DNA order
To study the reason of insensitiveness of C6/36 cell line in Aedes albopictus to type 2 of dengue virus (DEN2). Methods: The primers were designed according to the sequence of NS1 gene of dengue virus strain NGC. Three groups of C6/36 cell line were set up: virus control group (group A), virus DNA enzyme (DNase) treated group (group B), and cell control group (group C). Nucleic acid of C6/36 cell line was isolated, and RT-PCR, restriction enzyme（Hind Ⅲ）digestion, electrophoresis analysis with 0.8% agarosegels were carried out on it.The retrieval products were sequenced. The homology of the obtained nucleotide sequences with the Densonucleosis virus (DNV）in C6/36 cell line of Aedes albopictus was compared using the PHYLIP software. Results: A band of about 1 300 bp appeared in groups A and B, and it couldn't be cut by Hind Ⅲ. This band could not beamplified from group B. The comparison analysis result showed that the obtained nucleotide sequence had a homology of 95% with part of DNV sequence of C6/36 in Aedes albopictus. Conclusions: Aedes albopictus densonucleosis virus contamination might be the reason for the insensitiveness of C6/36 cell line to type 2 of Dengue virus.
［Key words］ dengue virus; Aedes; densonucleosis virus in C6/36 cell of Aedes albopictus; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; DNA order
To study the reason of insensitiveness of C6/36 cell line in Aedes albopictus to type 2 of dengue virus (DEN2). Methods: The primers were designed according to the sequence of NS1 gene of dengue virus strain NGC. Three groups of C6/36 cell line were set up: virus control group (group A), virus DNA enzyme (DNase) treated group (group B), and cell control group (group C). Nucleic acid of C6/36 cell line was isolated, and RT-PCR, restriction enzyme（Hind Ⅲ）digestion, electrophoresis analysis with 0.8% agarosegels were carried out on it.The retrieval products were sequenced. The homology of the obtained nucleotide sequences with the Densonucleosis virus (DNV）in C6/36 cell line of Aedes albopictus was compared using the PHYLIP software. Results: A band of about 1 300 bp appeared in groups A and B, and it couldn't be cut by Hind Ⅲ. This band could not beamplified from group B. The comparison analysis result showed that the obtained nucleotide sequence had a homology of 95% with part of DNV sequence of C6/36 in Aedes albopictus. Conclusions: Aedes albopictus densonucleosis virus contamination might be the reason for the insensitiveness of C6/36 cell line to type 2 of Dengue virus.
Prokaryotic Expression of Gene E Partial Nucleotide Sequence of Dengue Virus Type 2 Strain NGC
Prokaryotic Expression of Gene E Partial Nucleotide Sequence of Dengue Virus Type 2 Strain NGC
［Key words］ dengue virus; genes, E; gene order; gene expression
To construct expression vector of gene E partial sequence of dengue virus type 2 strain NGC for prokaryotic expression. Methods： Gene E partial sequence of dengue virus type 2 strain NGC was amplified by RT-PCR, inserted into prokaryotic vector pET28a(+), and transformed E. coli BL21 cells. The gene partial sequence was expressed under the induction of IPTG. The expressed products was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-Blot and purified. The cytotoxicity (indicated as TCID50) of the purified protein on C6/36 was detected. Results： Prokaryotic expression recombinant vector, pET28a(+)-Eb, was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE assay showed that the gene E partial sequence could be highly expressed in BL21,and the yields were 29% of total bacterial proteins. The expressed protein had a relative molecular weight of 23KDa, and Western-Blot indicated that the expression products could specifically react with monoantibody against dengue virus type 2. Cytotoxic experiments in vitro suggested that the protein had relatively cytotoxicity to C6/36, and the TCID50 was 10~4.88/0.1ml. Conclusion： pET28a(+)-Eb containing gene E partial sequence can be highly expressed in BL21. The antigenicity of the produced proteins provide a potential source of reagent for dengue virus diagnosis；The expressed proteins have some cytotoxicity to C6/36.
［Key words］ dengue virus; genes, E; gene order; gene expression
To construct expression vector of gene E partial sequence of dengue virus type 2 strain NGC for prokaryotic expression. Methods： Gene E partial sequence of dengue virus type 2 strain NGC was amplified by RT-PCR, inserted into prokaryotic vector pET28a(+), and transformed E. coli BL21 cells. The gene partial sequence was expressed under the induction of IPTG. The expressed products was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-Blot and purified. The cytotoxicity (indicated as TCID50) of the purified protein on C6/36 was detected. Results： Prokaryotic expression recombinant vector, pET28a(+)-Eb, was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE assay showed that the gene E partial sequence could be highly expressed in BL21,and the yields were 29% of total bacterial proteins. The expressed protein had a relative molecular weight of 23KDa, and Western-Blot indicated that the expression products could specifically react with monoantibody against dengue virus type 2. Cytotoxic experiments in vitro suggested that the protein had relatively cytotoxicity to C6/36, and the TCID50 was 10~4.88/0.1ml. Conclusion： pET28a(+)-Eb containing gene E partial sequence can be highly expressed in BL21. The antigenicity of the produced proteins provide a potential source of reagent for dengue virus diagnosis；The expressed proteins have some cytotoxicity to C6/36.
An Experimental Study on the Protective Effect of Whole-body Hypoxic Preconditioning on Lung Injury Caused by Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats
An Experimental Study on the Protective Effect of Whole-body Hypoxic Preconditioning on Lung Injury Caused by Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats
［Key words］ ischemia; lungs; reperfusion injury; hypoxic preconditioning; rats，sprague-dawley
To investigate the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: HPC model was established with 5 times of repetitive sublethal hypoxia. Thirty rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (n=10 in each): control group, ischemia-reperfusion injury group (group I/R), and group HPC+I/R. I/R injury model rats underwent 45 min of left hilar ligation followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The ratio of wet/dry weight of lung tissue was measured and calculated. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue were determined with spectrophotometry. Results: In group I/R,the wet/dry weight ratio of lung was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and the MDA content and MPO activity in lung tissue were dramatically higher (P<0.05), SOD activity was significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of control group. In group HPC+I/R, that rats subjected to HPC, these oxidative stress indexes were significantly improved when rats exposed to ischemia-reperfusion.Conclusion: Whole-body hypoxic preconditioning in rats can protect lung from I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress.
［Key words］ ischemia; lungs; reperfusion injury; hypoxic preconditioning; rats，sprague-dawley
To investigate the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: HPC model was established with 5 times of repetitive sublethal hypoxia. Thirty rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (n=10 in each): control group, ischemia-reperfusion injury group (group I/R), and group HPC+I/R. I/R injury model rats underwent 45 min of left hilar ligation followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The ratio of wet/dry weight of lung tissue was measured and calculated. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue were determined with spectrophotometry. Results: In group I/R,the wet/dry weight ratio of lung was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and the MDA content and MPO activity in lung tissue were dramatically higher (P<0.05), SOD activity was significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of control group. In group HPC+I/R, that rats subjected to HPC, these oxidative stress indexes were significantly improved when rats exposed to ischemia-reperfusion.Conclusion: Whole-body hypoxic preconditioning in rats can protect lung from I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress.
An Immunohistochemistry Study of Testis Chromogranin Immunoreactive Cells in Heroin Dependent Rats
An Immunohistochemistry Study of Testis Chromogranin Immunoreactive Cells in Heroin Dependent Rats
［Key words］ chromaffin granules; testis; heroin dependence; immunohistochemistry; rats, sprague-dawley
To explore the possible function of Chromogranin A immunoreactive (CgA-IR) cells in rat testis during heroin dependence.Methods: Immunohistochemical SABC method and imagine analysis were used to study the morphological and functional changes of CgA-IR cells in rat testis during heroin dependence. Results: The CgA-IR cells were located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules, and the positive substances were in the cytoplasm. As compared with normal control group and saline control group, in heroin dependent group the number of CgA-IR cells(P<0.05), and the immunohistochemical staining intensity decreased evidently. The result of image analysis showed that the average gray degree of the CgA -IR cells increased during heroin dependence (P<0.05)，especially on the 17th day. Conclusions: The number and the secretion function of testis CgA-IR cells decrease during heroin dependence which might be involved in the physiological regulation of heroin dependence.
［Key words］ chromaffin granules; testis; heroin dependence; immunohistochemistry; rats, sprague-dawley
To explore the possible function of Chromogranin A immunoreactive (CgA-IR) cells in rat testis during heroin dependence.Methods: Immunohistochemical SABC method and imagine analysis were used to study the morphological and functional changes of CgA-IR cells in rat testis during heroin dependence. Results: The CgA-IR cells were located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules, and the positive substances were in the cytoplasm. As compared with normal control group and saline control group, in heroin dependent group the number of CgA-IR cells(P<0.05), and the immunohistochemical staining intensity decreased evidently. The result of image analysis showed that the average gray degree of the CgA -IR cells increased during heroin dependence (P<0.05)，especially on the 17th day. Conclusions: The number and the secretion function of testis CgA-IR cells decrease during heroin dependence which might be involved in the physiological regulation of heroin dependence.
PLS Path Modeling for Analysis of Satisfaction of Cancer Patients to Medical Services
PLS Path Modeling for Analysis of Satisfaction of Cancer Patients to Medical Services
［Key words］ carcinoma; PLS path modeling; satisfaction to medical services
To understand the status and mode of the satisfaction of cancer patients to medical services. Methods: The satisfaction of 476 cancer patients to medical services were investigated using stratified-cluster sampling and questionnaire survey, and the influencing factors and their affecting pattern were analyzed by using PLS path modeling. Results: The appraisement of cancer patients to medical services of hospitals mostly showed skewed distribution or bimodal distributions. PLS path modeling measured the relation between latent independent variables and latent dependent variable well. Conclusion: PLS path modeling is an effective tool for the research of the satisfaction of cancer patients to medical services.
［Key words］ carcinoma; PLS path modeling; satisfaction to medical services
To understand the status and mode of the satisfaction of cancer patients to medical services. Methods: The satisfaction of 476 cancer patients to medical services were investigated using stratified-cluster sampling and questionnaire survey, and the influencing factors and their affecting pattern were analyzed by using PLS path modeling. Results: The appraisement of cancer patients to medical services of hospitals mostly showed skewed distribution or bimodal distributions. PLS path modeling measured the relation between latent independent variables and latent dependent variable well. Conclusion: PLS path modeling is an effective tool for the research of the satisfaction of cancer patients to medical services.
Lymphocyte Apoptosis of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes during Different Stages of Human Fetus Development
［Key words］ lymph nodes； mesentery； persons； fetus； lymphocyte； apoptosis
To study the apoptosis of lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes （MLNs）during different stages of human fetus development. Methods： Thirty-five human fetuses were collected. The Hermatoxylin-Eosin（HE） staining， immunohistochemistry apoptosis method (in-situ dT, dT-mediated dUTP nick labeling，TUNEL), and cytometry were used in this study. Results： At the 9th week of fetal age, no apoptosis lymphocyte was seen in the primordium of the MLNs. In 11~12 weeks of fetal development, a few of apoptosis lymphocytes could be found. Obvious apoptosis lymphocytes were observed from the 13rd week to the 32nd week. They occurred singly and were phagocytized by macrophage. But there was not distinct difference between each stage of the developing fetuses (P>0.05)．Conclusions： (1) The apoptosis of lymphocytes is a common phenomenon during MLNs growth in human embryo development; (2)During the development of human fetus, the MLNs have screening function to lymphocytes through apoptosis.
To study the apoptosis of lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes （MLNs）during different stages of human fetus development. Methods： Thirty-five human fetuses were collected. The Hermatoxylin-Eosin（HE） staining， immunohistochemistry apoptosis method (in-situ dT, dT-mediated dUTP nick labeling，TUNEL), and cytometry were used in this study. Results： At the 9th week of fetal age, no apoptosis lymphocyte was seen in the primordium of the MLNs. In 11~12 weeks of fetal development, a few of apoptosis lymphocytes could be found. Obvious apoptosis lymphocytes were observed from the 13rd week to the 32nd week. They occurred singly and were phagocytized by macrophage. But there was not distinct difference between each stage of the developing fetuses (P>0.05)．Conclusions： (1) The apoptosis of lymphocytes is a common phenomenon during MLNs growth in human embryo development; (2)During the development of human fetus, the MLNs have screening function to lymphocytes through apoptosis.
The Levels of Immunoglobulin and IgG Subclasses in Serum of Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection
［Key words］ immunoglobulins; immunoglobulin G; respiratory tract infections; child
To explore the relation of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) with serum levels of immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses, and to provide theorical basis for RRTI treatment. Methods: Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses of 28 RRTI (18 males and 10 females ) children and 15 normal children (5 males and 10 females) were determined with immuno-scattered turbidity method, and the data were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference of levels of IgG and IgA between RRTI group and control group(P＞0.05)； Serum level of IgM of RRTI group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05)； Serum levels of IgG2 and IgG4 in RRTI group were significantly lower than those of control group（P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion： there is immune disorder to some degree in children with RRTI. To detect serum levels of immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses in children with RRTI could increase correct diagnosis rate.
To explore the relation of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) with serum levels of immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses, and to provide theorical basis for RRTI treatment. Methods: Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses of 28 RRTI (18 males and 10 females ) children and 15 normal children (5 males and 10 females) were determined with immuno-scattered turbidity method, and the data were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference of levels of IgG and IgA between RRTI group and control group(P＞0.05)； Serum level of IgM of RRTI group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05)； Serum levels of IgG2 and IgG4 in RRTI group were significantly lower than those of control group（P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion： there is immune disorder to some degree in children with RRTI. To detect serum levels of immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses in children with RRTI could increase correct diagnosis rate.
Sunday, March 7, 2010
Association between Hemorrheology and Serum Fat, Serum Sugar,Hepatic Function, Kidney Function of People in Health Care Examination
［Key words］ age factors; sex factors; hemorheology; liver function tests; kidney function tests
To study the relation of hemorrheological features with serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, and kidney function of people taking health examination in different age and sex groups. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty people selected from out-patient clinic and health examination service were divided into four groups according to age and sex, and their serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, kidney function and hemorrheology were measured and analyzed. Results: There were significant correlations between hemorrheological features and biochemistry index changes, specially in males and in people above 50 years old. There were positive correlations between GHOL, TRIG, LDL-ch, BS, BUN, CREAT, UA, TP, GLB and whole blood viscosity, between CREAT, TP, GLB and serum viscosity, and between LDL-ch, BS, ALT, TP, GLB, AKP and ESR and erythrocyte sedimentati on equational coeffient K. There were negative correlations between HDL-ch, A/G, ALB and hemorrheology. There were some correlation between ALT, ALS and whole blood restore viscosity, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentati on equational coeffient K. Conclusions: Hemorrheology change is influenced by serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, kidney function and closely relates to age and sex.
To study the relation of hemorrheological features with serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, and kidney function of people taking health examination in different age and sex groups. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty people selected from out-patient clinic and health examination service were divided into four groups according to age and sex, and their serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, kidney function and hemorrheology were measured and analyzed. Results: There were significant correlations between hemorrheological features and biochemistry index changes, specially in males and in people above 50 years old. There were positive correlations between GHOL, TRIG, LDL-ch, BS, BUN, CREAT, UA, TP, GLB and whole blood viscosity, between CREAT, TP, GLB and serum viscosity, and between LDL-ch, BS, ALT, TP, GLB, AKP and ESR and erythrocyte sedimentati on equational coeffient K. There were negative correlations between HDL-ch, A/G, ALB and hemorrheology. There were some correlation between ALT, ALS and whole blood restore viscosity, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentati on equational coeffient K. Conclusions: Hemorrheology change is influenced by serum fat, serum sugar, hepatic function, kidney function and closely relates to age and sex.
An Investigation on Organochlorine Pesticide Residues
［Key words］ vegetables; pesticide residues; insecticides,organochlorine
To collect the information of organochlorine pesticide residues on vegetables in Guizhou province, so as to provide basis for health protection of residents. Methods: The contents of 15 organochlorine pesticides on 50 specimens of vegetables were tested by using vapor phase chromatography method (GB/ T.5009.146-2003). Results: Organochlorine pesticide residues were found in all of the vegetable specimens, and the detection rates of these pesticides were 8%~40%. The main categories of the pesticide residues were α-sulfur, β-666, dieldrin and γ-666. Conclusions: The situation of the organochlorine pesticide residues on market vegetables does not allow us to be optimistic, and it is suggested that the relevant authority should pay high attention, and adopt powerful measures to control the situation.
To collect the information of organochlorine pesticide residues on vegetables in Guizhou province, so as to provide basis for health protection of residents. Methods: The contents of 15 organochlorine pesticides on 50 specimens of vegetables were tested by using vapor phase chromatography method (GB/ T.5009.146-2003). Results: Organochlorine pesticide residues were found in all of the vegetable specimens, and the detection rates of these pesticides were 8%~40%. The main categories of the pesticide residues were α-sulfur, β-666, dieldrin and γ-666. Conclusions: The situation of the organochlorine pesticide residues on market vegetables does not allow us to be optimistic, and it is suggested that the relevant authority should pay high attention, and adopt powerful measures to control the situation.
A Primarily Report on Blackflies in Shanxi, China (Diptera: Simuliidae)
［Key words］ Simuliidae; directories; Shanxi
To investigate the basic fauna and geographical distribution of blackflies in Shanxi province. Methods: Immature stages of blackflies were collected from nine different representative areas of Shanxi province.Adults emerged from pupa in the lab. After the identification of slides and needle-fixed specimens, a list of blackfly species in Shanxi and a discussion were given. Result: Nineteen species including six new ones of blackfly from Shanxi of China were reported. Conclusion: There is a rich diversity of blackflies in Shanxi province and it is showed that there is a fauna character of palaearctic realm.
To investigate the basic fauna and geographical distribution of blackflies in Shanxi province. Methods: Immature stages of blackflies were collected from nine different representative areas of Shanxi province.Adults emerged from pupa in the lab. After the identification of slides and needle-fixed specimens, a list of blackfly species in Shanxi and a discussion were given. Result: Nineteen species including six new ones of blackfly from Shanxi of China were reported. Conclusion: There is a rich diversity of blackflies in Shanxi province and it is showed that there is a fauna character of palaearctic realm.
The Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Ferulate on the Expression of PAI-1 and p38MAPK Induced by High Glucose in Mesangial Cells
The Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Ferulate on the Expression of PAI-1 and p38MAPK Induced by High Glucose in Mesangial Cells
［Key words］ diabetic nephropathies; glucose; mitagen-activated protein kinases; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; mesangial cell; sodium ferulate
To observe the influence of sodium ferulate (SF) on PAI-1 and p38MAPK protein expression of mesangial cells in incubation medium with high glucose. Methods: The primarily cultured glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were divided into normal glucose group, mannitol group, high glucose group and high glucose plus SF groups of which cells exposed to different concentrations of SF. Cells were collected in 24 h and 48 h after being treated with corresponding agents respectively. The expression of PAI-1 was detected with flow-cytometry and that of p38MAPK protein was detected with immunocytochemistry methods. Results: High glucose significantly promoted the expression of PAI-1 and p38MAPK of GMCs when cultured for 24 h and 48 h. SF inhibited these promotion of PAI-1 and p38MAPK protein induced by high glucose, and the inhibitory effect increased along with the increase of SF concentration and the extension of its affecting time. Conclusion: SF can inhibit the increase of PAI-1 protein and the activation of p38MAPK signal pathway of GMCs induced by high glucose .
The Renal Lesions and SnoN Protein Expression in Kidney Tissue of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes
［Key words］ diabetes mellitus，non-insulin-dependent; diabetic nephrosis； rats,Sprague-Dawley；transcription co-repressor SnoN
To establish type 2 diabetic rat model and observe its renal lesions and SnoN protein expression. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, high-fat and high-sucrose groups. High-fat and high-sucrose groups were then divided into high-fat and high-sucrose controls and diabetes mellitus groups after taking high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 12 weeks. The diabetic rats were injected with low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) and were killed at the 20th, 24th, and 28th weeks respectively. The SnoN proteins in renal cortex were detected with Western blotting. Blood glucose, serum insulin concentration, trigly-ceride, total cholesterol, serum creatinine and 24 h urine protein were examined with biochemistry methods. The renal morphology on HE stained sections was checked with light microscope. Results: Diabetic rats showed hyperglycaemia, hyperlipemia, kidney morphological lesion and renal function changes. High-sucrose control group showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipemia, but the blood glucose was normal. Western blotting results showed that the expression of SnoN in diabetic renal tissues significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions: Rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been established successfully which can be used as a diabetic nephropathy model. The change of SnoN protein expression may play a role in the mechanisms of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Serological HBV Marker Modes and HBV DNA Levels of HBV-infected People
［Key words］ hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B e antigens; polymerase chain reaction
To analyze the relationship between modes of serological HBV makers (HBVM) and HBV DNA levels in HBV-infected people. Methods: HBVM and HBV DNA of 542 HBV-infected persons were assayed by using time resolution fluorescence immunological analysis (TRFIA) and fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) techniques. Results: The general HBV DNA positive rate was 83.29%. Ten modes of HBVM were found among the 542 HBV-infected persons, and the positive rates of HBV DNA were significantly different among different modes of HBVM. Higher copy levels of serum HBV DNA occurred mainly in patients with HBeAg positive mode, and were significantly different from those of patients with other modes (P�0.05). Conclusions: The dynamic monitoring on contents of HBVM and HBV DNA could provide objective references and is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B patients.
To analyze the relationship between modes of serological HBV makers (HBVM) and HBV DNA levels in HBV-infected people. Methods: HBVM and HBV DNA of 542 HBV-infected persons were assayed by using time resolution fluorescence immunological analysis (TRFIA) and fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) techniques. Results: The general HBV DNA positive rate was 83.29%. Ten modes of HBVM were found among the 542 HBV-infected persons, and the positive rates of HBV DNA were significantly different among different modes of HBVM. Higher copy levels of serum HBV DNA occurred mainly in patients with HBeAg positive mode, and were significantly different from those of patients with other modes (P�0.05). Conclusions: The dynamic monitoring on contents of HBVM and HBV DNA could provide objective references and is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B patients.
An Analysis on Immunophenotypes of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Aged Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
［Key words］ respiratory tract infections; immunity,cellular; aged
To collect information of the cellular immunity of aged patients with lower respiratory infection, and so as to provide reference for reasonable and effective intervention of the disease. Methods: The contents of lymphocytes CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, CD16, CD19 in peripheral blood of aged patients with lower respiratory tract infection (group LRI) and healthy old people (group HOP) were detected with flow cytometry. Results: The levels of CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8 in the group HOP were lower than those of young control group (YCG). The levels of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, and CD19 in group LRI were lower than those of groups YCG and HOP. The level of CD8 was higher in group LRI than that in YCG. The difference was significant(P<0.05). Conclusions: The occurrence and the progress of lower respiratory tract infection in aged people are related to disorder of cellular immunity. Monitoring on the changes of immunological function is helpful to the evaluation of individual immunity condition of aged people, and can provide reference to the prevention, treatment and effective intervention of the disease.
To collect information of the cellular immunity of aged patients with lower respiratory infection, and so as to provide reference for reasonable and effective intervention of the disease. Methods: The contents of lymphocytes CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, CD16, CD19 in peripheral blood of aged patients with lower respiratory tract infection (group LRI) and healthy old people (group HOP) were detected with flow cytometry. Results: The levels of CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8 in the group HOP were lower than those of young control group (YCG). The levels of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, and CD19 in group LRI were lower than those of groups YCG and HOP. The level of CD8 was higher in group LRI than that in YCG. The difference was significant(P<0.05). Conclusions: The occurrence and the progress of lower respiratory tract infection in aged people are related to disorder of cellular immunity. Monitoring on the changes of immunological function is helpful to the evaluation of individual immunity condition of aged people, and can provide reference to the prevention, treatment and effective intervention of the disease.
Saturday, March 6, 2010
Lung Injury,Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Tissue Cell Apoptosis Caused by Inhaled Ordiary Phosphorus
［Key words］ lung; histiocytes; poisoning; rats,Sprague-Dawley; yellow phosphorus; apoptosis; Xuebijing
（1）To study the pathological changes and apoptosis of lung tissues in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI-ARDS) rats induced by acute inhaling of yellow phosphorus (YP) and its compounds；（2） To study the curative effect of Xuebijing. Methods: Eighty-five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal control group (group NC), a ALI-ARDS model group (group MD), and 3 treatment groups (groups A, B, and C). Experimental ALI-ARDS was caused in all the rats except those in group NC by giving YP and its compounds through respiratory tract. Curative results of different treatment medicines by i.v. on the ALI-ARDS were observed in rats of groups MD (5% glucose, 5 ml/kg), A (Xuebijing injection, 5 ml/kg), B (dexamethasone injection, 5 mg/kg ) and C (Xuebijing injection 5 ml/kg plus dexamethasone injection 1 mg/kg) by checking pathological changes and cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues (TUNEL method). Results: （1） In rats of group MD, the lung tissue was injured seriously, and edema, hemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration obviously occurred in lungs, and the number of apoptosis cells increased remarkably; （2）The pathological damage of lung tissue of rats in groups A, B, and C was milder, and the numbers of apoptosis cells were less when compared with those of group MD. Conclusions: （1） The establishment of ALI-ARDS model with rats is successful; （2） Xuebijing injection has curative effect to ALI-ARDS caused by acute inhaling of YP and its compounds; （3）Apoptosis of lung tissue cells participates in the pathological process of ALI-ARDS in rats caused by acute inhaling of YP and its compounds, and Xuebijing intravenous injection might adjust the apoptosis of lung tissue cells .
（1）To study the pathological changes and apoptosis of lung tissues in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI-ARDS) rats induced by acute inhaling of yellow phosphorus (YP) and its compounds；（2） To study the curative effect of Xuebijing. Methods: Eighty-five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal control group (group NC), a ALI-ARDS model group (group MD), and 3 treatment groups (groups A, B, and C). Experimental ALI-ARDS was caused in all the rats except those in group NC by giving YP and its compounds through respiratory tract. Curative results of different treatment medicines by i.v. on the ALI-ARDS were observed in rats of groups MD (5% glucose, 5 ml/kg), A (Xuebijing injection, 5 ml/kg), B (dexamethasone injection, 5 mg/kg ) and C (Xuebijing injection 5 ml/kg plus dexamethasone injection 1 mg/kg) by checking pathological changes and cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues (TUNEL method). Results: （1） In rats of group MD, the lung tissue was injured seriously, and edema, hemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration obviously occurred in lungs, and the number of apoptosis cells increased remarkably; （2）The pathological damage of lung tissue of rats in groups A, B, and C was milder, and the numbers of apoptosis cells were less when compared with those of group MD. Conclusions: （1） The establishment of ALI-ARDS model with rats is successful; （2） Xuebijing injection has curative effect to ALI-ARDS caused by acute inhaling of YP and its compounds; （3）Apoptosis of lung tissue cells participates in the pathological process of ALI-ARDS in rats caused by acute inhaling of YP and its compounds, and Xuebijing intravenous injection might adjust the apoptosis of lung tissue cells .
The Proliferation Inhibitory Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on the Cell Cycle of Colon Carcinoma
［Key words］ colonic neoplasma; cell cycle; photodynamic therapy; proliferation
To study the expression of correlation factors of P21, P27, cyclinE, and CDK2 in colon carcinoma SW480 cells after the treatment of 5-aminolevulinate acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). Methods: The expression of P21, P27, cyclinE, and CDK2 in colon carcinoma cell line (SW480 cells) were detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique after the cells were treated with ALA-PDT. Results: The expression of P21 increased (P<0.01) while the mRNA contents of cyclinE and CDK2 decreased (P<0.01) remarkably in SW480 cells after the therapy of ALA-PDA than before. Content of P27 mRNA didn’t change significantly. Conclusion: The inhibitory effects of ALA-PDT to the proliferation of colon carcinoma SW480 cell line might be caused by its up-regulation to P21 over-expression, and down-regulation to cyclinE, and CDK2.
To study the expression of correlation factors of P21, P27, cyclinE, and CDK2 in colon carcinoma SW480 cells after the treatment of 5-aminolevulinate acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). Methods: The expression of P21, P27, cyclinE, and CDK2 in colon carcinoma cell line (SW480 cells) were detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique after the cells were treated with ALA-PDT. Results: The expression of P21 increased (P<0.01) while the mRNA contents of cyclinE and CDK2 decreased (P<0.01) remarkably in SW480 cells after the therapy of ALA-PDA than before. Content of P27 mRNA didn’t change significantly. Conclusion: The inhibitory effects of ALA-PDT to the proliferation of colon carcinoma SW480 cell line might be caused by its up-regulation to P21 over-expression, and down-regulation to cyclinE, and CDK2.
The Relation of Clinical Characters of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Liver Injury to Antigen e
［Key words］ hepatitis B e antigens; hepatitis B; case-control studies
To compare the clinical features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) between types of Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and HBeAg negative. Methods: Investigation on 44 CHB patients with positive HBeAg (HBe-P) and 36 CHB patients with negative HBeAg (HBe-N) were carried out including asking disease histories, checking liver function, testing blood routine, and detection of HBV immunological marks and HBV DNA. Results: No significant difference was found in sex, family history of HBV positive infection, or splenohepatomegalia between groups HBe-P and HBe-N, of which the average patient age were 29.23±8.246 and 41.53±13.146 (P<0.001), the percent of patients with disease period longer than 5 years were 36.36% and 63.89% (P<0.05), and the average HBV DNA titre logarithm were 8.27±1.328 and 6.02±1.536 (P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Given similar clinical conditions such as same liver function level and blood routine indexes, CHB patients with negative HBeAg have older age, longer disease period, and lower HBV DNA titer than those of CHB patients with positive HBeAg.
To compare the clinical features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) between types of Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and HBeAg negative. Methods: Investigation on 44 CHB patients with positive HBeAg (HBe-P) and 36 CHB patients with negative HBeAg (HBe-N) were carried out including asking disease histories, checking liver function, testing blood routine, and detection of HBV immunological marks and HBV DNA. Results: No significant difference was found in sex, family history of HBV positive infection, or splenohepatomegalia between groups HBe-P and HBe-N, of which the average patient age were 29.23±8.246 and 41.53±13.146 (P<0.001), the percent of patients with disease period longer than 5 years were 36.36% and 63.89% (P<0.05), and the average HBV DNA titre logarithm were 8.27±1.328 and 6.02±1.536 (P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Given similar clinical conditions such as same liver function level and blood routine indexes, CHB patients with negative HBeAg have older age, longer disease period, and lower HBV DNA titer than those of CHB patients with positive HBeAg.
The Pathological and Immunological Features of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma outside Lymph Nodes
［Key words］ lymphoma,non-Hodgkin; lymph nodes; immunohistochemistry
To investigate the pathological and immunological features of lymph nodes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma outside lymph nodes in Guizhou province. Methods: Tissues of 180 cases of malignant lymphoma collected before were sliced and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to analyze the specimens with markers of CD20, LCA, CD45RO, CD3, and CD56. Results: Among the 180 cases of malignant lymphoma, 66 cases were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma outside lymph nodes (36.67%), of which 35 belonged to BCL (53.05%), 17 to TCL (10.61%), and 24 to NK/T (36.36%) according to the lymphoma tumor immunological classification. In regard to the lesion locations, 43 cases (65.15%) were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and 20 cases (30.30%) located in other parts. Only three cases (4.55%) were skin associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) lymphoma. In regard to the histological classification, the top 3 types were nose tumor(23 cases, 34.8%),gastrointestinal.tumor(17 cass,25.76%),and suffusion Large-cell lymphoma(12 cases,18.18%).Conclusions: The pathological and immunological features of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Guizhou are consistent with those of the state, except that the cases of type BCL are somewhat more than those of types TCL and NK/T.
To investigate the pathological and immunological features of lymph nodes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma outside lymph nodes in Guizhou province. Methods: Tissues of 180 cases of malignant lymphoma collected before were sliced and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to analyze the specimens with markers of CD20, LCA, CD45RO, CD3, and CD56. Results: Among the 180 cases of malignant lymphoma, 66 cases were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma outside lymph nodes (36.67%), of which 35 belonged to BCL (53.05%), 17 to TCL (10.61%), and 24 to NK/T (36.36%) according to the lymphoma tumor immunological classification. In regard to the lesion locations, 43 cases (65.15%) were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and 20 cases (30.30%) located in other parts. Only three cases (4.55%) were skin associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) lymphoma. In regard to the histological classification, the top 3 types were nose tumor(23 cases, 34.8%),gastrointestinal.tumor(17 cass,25.76%),and suffusion Large-cell lymphoma(12 cases,18.18%).Conclusions: The pathological and immunological features of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Guizhou are consistent with those of the state, except that the cases of type BCL are somewhat more than those of types TCL and NK/T.
The Curative Effect of Thermo-seed Induced Heating On Tumor-Bearing Rats
［Key words］ thermoseed; thermotherapy; neoplasms; rats, Wistar; treatment outcome
To evaluate the killing effect of thermoseed inductive heating on implanted tumor in rats. Methods: Wistar rats with tumor Walker-256 were divided into five groups, including group C (blank control group), group M (magnetic control group), group T (thermoseeds control group) and heating treatment groups, group H1 and group H2. In group H1, two thermoseeds with 57℃ curie point were implanted into tumor tissues of each rat with a heating time of 30 minutes. For group H2, two thermoseeds with 70℃ curie point were implanted into tumor tissues of each rat with a heating time of 6 minutes. Histological and immunohistochemistry observations on tumors were carried out in groups H1, H2 and C immediately and in 24 hours after the heating treatment.Tumor volumes and weights were measured in five groups in 9 days after the treatment. Results: Tumor tissues around thermoseeds array showed coagulation necrosis after heating. Heat shock protein 70 expression was stronger in group H1 and group H2 than in group C, while the expression decreased in 24 hours later. After the treatment for days, the tumor volumes in groups H1 and H2 were significantly smaller than those in groups C and M (P＜0.05）, and tumors in groups H1 and H2 were significantly lighter than those in group C（P＜0.05）. Conclusions: Thermoseeds induced heating could inhibit tumor growth in rats.
The Application Value of Spectra Doppler Tei Index in the Judgement of Adriamycin-induced Myocardial Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients
［Key words］ ultrasonography,doppler; drug toxicity; breast neoplasmas; myocardial performance index; adriamycin
To explore the application value of spectra Doppler Tei index in judgement of adriamycin-induced myocardial toxicity in breast cancer patients when treated with this medicine. Methods: A total of 102 cases of breast cancer patients were divided into three groups: group A (26 cases, received adriamycin <300 mg/m2), group B (26 cases, received adriamycin≥300 mg/m2) and group C (50 cases, no adriamycin was used). All the patients were checked and the Tei index and conventional echocardiographic parameters were obtained. Simultaneously, electrocardiogram and myocardial enzyme activities of the patients with chemotherapy were recorded. Results: No significant difference of conventional echocardiographic or Tei parameters was found between groups A and C (P>0.05); LVEF, FS and ET were conspicuously lower in group B than those in groups A and C (P<0.05); IRT, ICT/ET, IRT/ET and Tei index were significantly higher in group B than those in groups A and C (P<0.05). Tei index detection rates were corresponding with those of myocardial enzyme detection in breast cancer patients with myocardial toxicity caused by adriamycin treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tei index is valuable in evaluation of adriamycin-induced myocardial toxicity of breast cancer patients treated with the medicine.
To explore the application value of spectra Doppler Tei index in judgement of adriamycin-induced myocardial toxicity in breast cancer patients when treated with this medicine. Methods: A total of 102 cases of breast cancer patients were divided into three groups: group A (26 cases, received adriamycin <300 mg/m2), group B (26 cases, received adriamycin≥300 mg/m2) and group C (50 cases, no adriamycin was used). All the patients were checked and the Tei index and conventional echocardiographic parameters were obtained. Simultaneously, electrocardiogram and myocardial enzyme activities of the patients with chemotherapy were recorded. Results: No significant difference of conventional echocardiographic or Tei parameters was found between groups A and C (P>0.05); LVEF, FS and ET were conspicuously lower in group B than those in groups A and C (P<0.05); IRT, ICT/ET, IRT/ET and Tei index were significantly higher in group B than those in groups A and C (P<0.05). Tei index detection rates were corresponding with those of myocardial enzyme detection in breast cancer patients with myocardial toxicity caused by adriamycin treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tei index is valuable in evaluation of adriamycin-induced myocardial toxicity of breast cancer patients treated with the medicine.
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